Review: Unit 6

Second Conditional

We use second conditional for imaginary situations in the present

      If + Past tense, would('d)/could + base form

           If I were you I wouldn't tell anyone about it.

           If a friend gave me some advice I would listen carefully.

Hope and Wish

We use "Wish" to talk about things we would like to be different in the present or future.

     Wish + past tense/would/could

           I wish I could get on a bus and come home

           I wish you were here

We use "Hope" to express hopes about the future.

    Hope +  Present tense/will/can

            I hope the rain stops

           I hope the ticket wouldn't sell out

Review: Unit 5

Reported Speech

When reported someone's words we can do it in two ways:

     Direct speech: Quotation marks 

              

                   "I went to Africa last year"

      Reported speech

                     She said (that) she went to Africa last year

         Direct speech                                   Reported speech

       Present Simple----------------------------Past Simple

       Present Continuous-----------------------Past Continuous

       Present Perfect-----------------------------Past Perfect

       Past Simple---------------------------------Past Perfect

       Will------------------------------------------Would

       Can------------------------------------------Could

       May------------------------------------------Might

       Must-----------------------------------------Had to

       Have to--------------------------------------Had to

Reporting Questions

When we report what people say we usually change the tense of the verbs to reflect what we are reporting-not giving direct speech

     Yes/No questions:

         Direct question:  Do you like this class?

         Reporting Question: He asked if I liked this class

        Direct question:  Did you enjoy your journey?

        Reporting Question: She asked me whether I'd enjoyed my journey

      *For Yes/No questions we use "If" or "Whether" 

     Question with a question word:

         When there's a question word (What, Where, When, Why, Who, How) we used that question word in the reported question but without an auxiliary verb.

         Direct question: Why are you angry?

         Reporting question: She asked him why he was angry

Review: Unit 4

Compound nouns

Words that are combined with another words, the first part of the word tell us the kind of person/object it is and the second part  identifies the object/person in question.

              Boyfriend 

              Hotdog

But sometimes there isn't two words together to make a compound noun like: 

               Swimming pool

               Washing machine 

Have/Get something done

Describes situations where we want someone else to do something for us (as a favor or service)

           We need to have the roof fixed

           We need to get the door replaced

The expression "To have" is used to talk about activities by a specific subject.

          I will have Jimmy repair my automatic door

The expression "To get" is very similar to "To have" but the meaning is very closer to "persuade"

          I must get my my dad to buy a new TV

Review: Unit 3

The vs. No article

We use "The" when we are talking about something that is unit or something specific.

              The earth is round

              She plays the piano

We don't use "The" when we are talking about countries except when there are in plural.

               Dogs are very intelligent animals

               I live in Mexico

Indirect questions

We use the indirect questions when we want to make more polite questions.

      *For Yes/No questions we include If/Whether after the opening phrase. 

              Could you tell me if you have any questions?

              Could you tell me if you copied the examples?

      

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Review: Unit 2

Order of adjectives

To describe the things.

Determiner   /   Opinion    /    Size   /    Height   /    Shape    /    Color     /     Material 

     It's  a beautiful long blue silk scarf

     Her pretty big gray eyes

Used to/Didn't used to 

We use "used to" to talk about things that were true in the past, but are no true in the present.

      I used to play video games all the day.

      

We use "didn't used to" to talk about things that weren't true in the past, but are probably true in the present.

      I didn't use to work full time

So/To      Eiher/Neither

We use so, to, either and neither to express similarity.

       "I love chocolate"

              Mee too

              So do I

             

        "I don't like vegetables"

              Me neither

              I don't either

So/Too for affirmative sentences

So + aux +  :)

  

           I enjoy watch TV        So do to

:) + aux + too

            I love movies             I do too

Either/Neither for negative sentences

:)  +  neg aux + Either

         I can't swim                    I can't either 

Neither +  aux   +  :)

       I didn't like the movie       Neither did I

    

Review: Unit 1

Make/Do

Make: When You talk about something you create (you often use your hands).

          To make a mistake

                     To make the beds

Do: An action you do not mention by name; mostly mental work.

                      To do an examination

                     

                       To do the homework

Present perfect+ yet/already/just

I've just: A short time ago

         I'm sorry. You have just missed Katie. She left the office about three minutes ago!

I've already: Before you expected

         Don't come in here with those muddy shoes! I have already cleaned this floor!

I haven't....yet: Until now (negatives)

          "Have you called Yasmin to wish her lucky for the exam today?""No, not yet. I'll do it now!"

Present Perfect Progressive

Describes an action that began in the past and continuous in the present.

                 Have/Has + been + ing

         I have been reading for 2 hours

       

         We have not been smoking

To talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently

          I'm tired because I've been running.

          You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

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Ernesto's Story

The teacher said we was going to talk about himself.

He said his name was Ernesto.

He told us he has born in México City.

He said he was 29 years old

He told us he was a language teacher.

The teacher told us he could speak different languages.

The teacher said he has graduated from UNAM.

He said he had worked at different institutions.

He said he liked going to the movies and going out with his friends.

He told us he didn't like getting up early and doing the housework.

The teacher told us he had been teaching languages for more than 8 years.

The teacher said he was planning doing different things.

He told us he might doing a master degree.

He said he would definitely teaching languages.